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BIOLOGY -ANSWERS
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=BIOLOGY
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1a)Plants take in some compounds like carbon dioxide through their leaves. They absorb some other materials such as compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., from the soil through their roots.
the transport system consists of tube like passages made up of vascular tissue. There are two types of vascular tissues in plants—xylem and phloem.
The vascular system extends from the roots through the stem and continues up to the leaves. In the leaves it is clearly seen as a pattern of veins. Water and minerals are transported from the roots upwards through the xylem tubes.
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(4ai)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
(4aii)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
1 is homozygous starchy grain
2 are heterozygous starchy
1 is homozygous sugary grain
(4b)
-Starchy=3/4*500
=435 starchy grains
-Sugary =1/4*500
=145 sugary grains
3ai)
i)Fungi
ii)bacteria
iii)viruses
3aii)
i)bacteria - Streptococcus
ii)Fungi- Basidiomycota
iii)Virus- Coxsackievirus
3b)
i)sterilization
ii)disinfection
iii)pasteurization
iv)proper sanitation
v)Proper hygiene
2a )
Enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
2aii )
i)all enzymes are proteins .
ii )Enzymes possess great catalytic power .
iii )Enzymes are highy specific .
iv )Enzymes show varying degree of specificities .
v )Absolute specificity where the enzymes
react specifically with only one substrate.
2b )
Pancreatic fluid or juice contains digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine where they help to further break down the carbohydrates , proteins, and lipids (fats ) in the chyme. Pancreatic juice is a liquid secreted by the pancreas , which contains a variety of enzymes including trypsinogen,chymotrypsinogen , elastase , carboxypeptidase , pancreatic lipase, nucleases, and amylase . Pancreatic juice is alkaline in nature due to the high concentration of bicarbonate ions . This is useful in neutralizing the acidic gastric acid, allowing for effective enzymic action.
2c )
most importantly ,sun provides vitamin D which helps the body absorb the minerals calcium and phosphorus from the food that the boy eat , which is important for bone health . While milk is the main source of dietary calcium . Calcium is a major bone mineral, mandatory for bone health .
2d )
i)Photosynthesis conducted by plants is also an important part of the carbon cycle.
ii )It releases oxygen needed for breathing
iii )It serves as source of food manufacturing for human rights
iv )It provides sources for fuel through plants
v )it help to balance the ecosystem
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6a )
i)mimicry is a similarity of one species to another that protects one or both .
An example of this is the cuckoo bee.
ii )Camouflage is the structural adaption that enables specie s to blend with their surroundings; allows a species to avoid detection by predators .
6b )
i)Their legs are adapted for running
ii )They adapts the leathery forewings as
temina to provide a protective cover for the second set of wings .
iii )they evolved mandibles to bite and chew solid food .
6c )
i)It reduces the quality and quantity of the crops
ii )it reduces their productivity
6d )
i)by refrigerating
ii )by salting
iii )by drying
iv )by the use of silos
6e )
i)in medicine
ii )in crime detection
6f)
i)Inadequate resources
ii )Small planting space
iii )
6g )
Succession is the change in either species composition , structure , or architecture of vegetation through time.
6h )
i)it kills microorganisms
ii )It leads to soil erosion
iii )It lost of soil nutrients
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